Ifc Survey Report in Ghana Free Essays

IFC Survey Reports Expansion of Ghana’s Leasing Market WEBWIRE †Thursday, August 30, 2007 IFC, an individual from the World Bank Group, today discharged the discoveries of its subsequent yearly overview of Ghana’s renting market. The outcomes show that the quantity of new rents gave in the nation developed from 311 of every 2005 to 536 toward the finish of 2006 †an expansion of 72 percent. The all out rent portfolio spoke to by net rent receivables by the segment additionally expanded by more than 73 percent from $29. We will compose a custom article test on Ifc Survey Report in Ghana or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now million out of 2005 to $51. 3 million of every 2006. The report takes note of a huge increment in the quantity of renting suppliers, from seven of every 2005 to 12 of every 2007, with many financial foundations entering the division. The Leasing in Ghana 2007 report speaks to the most extensive overview of Ghana’s renting business sector to date. It features significant advancements in the renting business in 2006 and makes suggestions for additional enhancements in the strategy, administrative, and charge conditions that administer the area. The report was ordered by the SECO IFC Leasing Program, an undertaking that tries to upgrade the job of renting as an elective financing instrument for organizations in Ghana. Propelling the report, Taba Cookey, SECO IFC Leasing Program Manager, stated, â€Å"IFC is focused on supporting endeavors that extend Ghana’s budgetary area and grow access to back for the private segment. The 2007 overview gives solid proof that the renting area is assuming an inexorably significant job in financing the requirements of private organizations in Ghana. Philippe Sas, Economic Advisor at SECO, stated, â€Å"Leasing is significant, in light of the fact that it benefits for the most part little and medium ventures that by and large can't get to financing from banking establishments. It makes it simpler for these organizations to gain capital gear in any event, when they come up short on the record as a consumer or adequate security to get to conventional types of financing. † Speakin g at the dispatch, Dela Selormey, Head of Banking Supervision at the Bank of Ghana, lauded the improvement of the renting area and sketched out different endeavors by the bank to help further development of the money related segment. Around the world, renting has shown the capacity to expand interest in capital hardware. Renting assumes a significant job in financial turn of events. For instance, it is accounted for that each 8 to 9 percent development in renting exercises prompts a relating 1 percent normal development in a country’s GDP. In created nations, renting is utilized to fund around 33% of private speculations. Step by step instructions to refer to Ifc Survey Report in Ghana, Papers

Idioms and Expressions With Money

Figures of speech and Expressions With Money The accompanying figures of speech and articulations with the thing cash are less formal than collocations utilized with cash. Be that as it may, they are basic in ordinary discussion. Every figure of speech or articulation has a definition and two model sentences to help comprehension of these basic colloquial articulations with cash. Shade of Someone's Money Definition: the measure of cash somebody has accessible Show me the shade of your cash and afterward we can talk.If we knew the shade of the companys cash we could improve an offer on the arrangement. Pain free income Definition: cash that can be earned with little exertion A few people believe that playing stocks is simple money.Unfortunately, there are not many occupations are genuinely income sans work. Front Money Definition: cash paid ahead of time of accepting something Sick need to provide $100,000 front cash to get in on the deal.Always be dubious of organizations that request front cash. Overwhelming Money Definition: a ton of cash Tom will carry substantial cash into the organization in the event that he consents to invest.They have overwhelming cash. Im sure theyll purchase the house. Quiet Money Definition: cash paid to somebody with the goal that they dont give data Numerous individuals are paid quiet cash to not affirm in court. Its illicit, yet it happens.The group attempted to take care of the man with quiet cash, yet he was having none of it. Frantic Money Definition: cash used to have a ton of fun, cash to squander Weve set aside two or three thousand dollars in frantic cash for our next vacation.Dont go to Las Vegas without some distraught cash. Cash From Home Definition: effortlessly picked up cash Dwindle thinks putting resources into stocks is cash from home.Shes searching for an occupation that is cash from home. Good karma! Tightwad Definition: somebody who doesn't care to go through cash, a closefisted individual Shell never give you cash for your thought. Shes a cash grubber.Money grubbers cannot take it with them. I have no clue why they pay attention to it so. I state simple come, simple go. Cash Talks Definition: cash has impact in a circumstance Obviously, they let the huge box store work around. Always remember: Money talks.Just recall cash talks. On the off chance that they truly need you for the position, theyll satisfy your compensation needs. On the Money Definition: right, precise Id state you are on target about that situation.His surmise that the organization would succeed was on target. Set some things in motion! Definition: lets have a wagered about something Please, in the event that you feel that is valid, taken care of business! Badly wager you 100 to 1 that it isnt true.She put her cash where her mouth was and made a fortune. Keen Money Definition: the best choice, cash of shrewd individuals putting resources into something The keen cash is on Congress changing the law.He thinks the brilliant cash will put resources into sustainable power source. Delicate Money Definition: cash which can be earned absent a lot of exertion Accept the position for a couple of months. Its delicate money.Jane thinks the position is delicate cash. Going through Money Definition: cash to spend to have a fabulous time, buys superfluous things Its imperative to have in any event a touch of going through cash each month.They dont have a lot of going through cash, so they like to remain at home as opposed to take some time off. Toss Money at Something Definition: squander cash on a circumstance Tossing cash at the circumstance isnt going to cause it better.Some governments to feel that tossing cash at a program consistently makes a difference. Once youve took in these articulations, its a smart thought to likewise learn significant phrasal action words about cash. At long last, utilize the business English assets on the site to keep improving your English as it identifies with the business world.

Final Report On Child Care Facility Example

Final Report On Child Care Facility Example Final Report On Child Care Facility â€" Article Example > Final Report on a Child Care Facility: St. Alban's Child Enrichment CenterAs recent researches revealed contradicting findings on whether parents or working families should allow their children or kids in the care of a private home tutor or child care centers, where do we derive the wisdom to decide? Although there are issues that claim that child care center is one of the better means for working parents to place their children in their absence, there may be forces that may dim prospects for this centers to flourish and develop the children’s well-being as responsible citizens in the future. It is in this light that this study sought to explore early childhood programs by center-based institutions by resolving the puzzling concerns such as who should better fund, operate and monitor their operations by looking into one of three St. Alban’s Child Enrichment Centers, at Coconut Groove, in Miami as our model center. Review of Child Care Practices LiteratureRecent researches reve aled contradicting findings on whether parents or working families should allow their children or kids in the care of a private home tutor or child care centers. In a 2005 study by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care, it revealed that children who spent long hours in child care centers exhibit higher excellence in their mathematical and reading skills but were poorer in terms of work habits and social skills. As opposed to child care giving, Cathryn Booth-LaForce (2005), a psychologist from University of Washington, explained in a New York Times article by Tamar Lewin why parenting have far greater effects in ensuring a healthy and disciplined growth of a child academically and socially. LaForce underscored that children who rose from high-income families and spend more than 30 hours a week in the care of a child enrichment centers evinced weaker social skills such as being less cooperative and poorly-motivated in classroom tasks, high aggression, than with children who were guided by their parents at home. Studies made by the American Sociological Review, on the other hand, revealed that private home cares proved to record higher rate of death among children than that of children being placed in child care centers. The studies conducted by Julia Wrigley and Joanne Dreby (2005) assessed the likelihood that children will be safer in private homes than child care center were surprised that advantages abound in placing a child in centers. However, Prof. Wrigley analyzed that child care should produce data about safety of children in their area of responsibility. Approaches to the Study of St. Alban’s Child Enrichment Center For the purpose of this study, the researcher arranged an observational research at the Coconut Groove center, one of St. Alban’s pioneer centers. The researcher will first interview the St. Alban’s spokesperson and inquire about current condition and the environmental context of chi ld-care giving in the Center. Then halfway the same day, after the children took their lunch, the researchers will observe how the classes are conducted in order to determine the effect of the newly refurbished interior and exterior design of the space of the Center to the children’s interaction with adults or their caregivers. A week prior to the visit, the researcher conducted a survey on the institution’s online presence about the child care center’s program offerings, its reputation and standing as provider of key child care assistance to working parents in Miami. It should but be remembered that since the study is not a controlled experiment, cause and effect cannot be immediately determined since the subject children cannot be classified randomly into sets or group.

Essay Linguistic Analysis of Hamlet - 713 Words

Shakespeares Hamlet Introduction Hamlet was written around the year 1600 in the final years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, who had been the monarch of England for more than forty years and was then in her late sixties. William Shakespeare began writing as a playwright during the 17th and 18th centuries and was considered a pioneer for what is now known as Middle English, Some of his greatest works were his plays; one in general is the tragedy Hamlet. The play is home to many of Shakespeares quotable quotes. In Act I, Scene II (129-158), the reader is introduced to Hamlets first important soliloquy. Hamlet speaks these lines after enduring the unpleasant scene at the court of Claudius and Gertrude, then being asked by†¦show more content†¦In Hamlets first soliloquy the majority of the words used are very comprehensible for todays modern reader. Some prime examples of recognizable terminologies include; mother, heaven, earth, unprofitable, appetite, loving, woman, uncle, solid, and flesh. I found myself flummoxed by a select few of the terminologies used. One of the most used words in Middle English was the word thy. The word was used quiet frequently and as stated by the OED the word had originated from the court of King Alfred who ruled through the Early English period. The word is out of date for todays standards but has evolved into the words that or the. For another example Shakespeare writes, Frailty, thy name is woman! According to the OED the word frailty consists of three different definitions, the meaning by which Shakespeare was using was that of referring to a weakness. The term frailty has become more or less obsolete in todays modern language for upon further investigation in the OED I was able to uncover that the word is related to the more modern tern of fragile. An additional word I was baffled by was the word galled. As maintained by the OED the term galled consists of numerous meanings. From Shakespeares perspective the word implies to having pain or swelling or how it was known throughout the middle ages as gall. According to the OED some of the last recorded uses of the word occurredShow MoreRelatedPerfect Idealism In Shakespeares Hamlet1631 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The play Hamlet is a fable of how the ghost of a slain king comes to haunt the living with disastrous consequences. A rancorous ghost and a brother s murder, lead the gloomy setting of Hamlet s Denmark. Hamlet story opens with an encounter between young Hamlet, his dad s ghost as well as the prince of Denmark. The ghost reveals to Hamlet that its murderer was his brother Claudius, who then rapidly wedded his widowed queen, Gertrude. As a result, the ghost presses Hamlet to seek vengeanceRead More Psychoanalytic Analysis of Shakespeare?s Hamlet Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pages If one wants to truly understand the psychological implications of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the primary focus should be on the character Hamlet, and how he develops and modifies throughout the play. Using the fundamentals of the psychoanalytic perspective of critical evaluation, one would be able to truly identify and explore the true nature of Hamlet, and the effects that his character has on the si tuation surrounding him. In order to gain a true understanding of most of the detail that isRead MorePsychoanalytic Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet1341 Words   |  6 PagesIf one wants to truly understand the psychological implications of William Shakespeares Hamlet, the primary focus should be on the character Hamlet, and how he develops and modifies throughout the play. 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I am keen to analyse my favourite literature with further knowledge of the linguistic techniques used and gain additional insightRead MoreOthello Character Analysis1555 Words   |  7 Pages According to Smith, a barbarian’s inherent weakness lies in his linguistic capabilities, the very same capabilities Othello uses to win over Desdemona, and to defend himself during his trial in front of the duke. In Smith’s reading, Othello only reverts to his barbarian state when experiencing extreme pressure, as he lacks the other means to express the futility of what is felt, which results in violence. However, when a closer look is taken at what Othello knows about the culture he has tried toRead More Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay: In Depth Analysis861 Words   |  4 PagesIn Depth Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The five-line interlude ending on the floors of silent seas forms an encapsulated version of the remainder of the poem, in which the frustrated effort to establish purposive discourse leads once again to withdrawal downward and inward to a silent world of instinctual being. A return to images of distension and distracting sensuality provokes a final impulse toward violent imposition of the will--to force the moment to its crisis--whichRead MoreCritical Analysis of Hamlet: Character Analysis and the Themes of Revenge and Manipulation1851 Words   |  8 PagesThe play Hamlet is a text that despite its age and Elizabethan linguistic style is still resoundingly relevant to today’s modern audience due to its ability to move past time related contextual barriers and capture the universality of the human condition with its infinite confusion as evident in the character of Prince Hamlet, its ability to influence and manipulate as well as its reaction to such manipulation, revenge. The character of Hamlet himself is very relatable today especially to youngRead MoreA Psychoanalytic Reading Of Hamlet Essay2158 Words   |  9 PagesAzam Shakespeare 4 December 2016 A Psychoanalytic Reading of Hamlet William Shakespeare s Hamlet is different from other Elizabethan revenge plays in the sense that the playwright did put much effort in depicting the psychological make-up of his hero Hamlet. The way Shakespeare portrays the psychological complexities of Hamlet, the play has become a lucrative text to the critics to see through the psychoanalytic lens. Analysis of Hamlet using psychoanalytic criticism reveals the inward states ofRead More Why Hamlet Needs To Die2506 Words   |  11 PagesFor the majority of the play, Hamlet yearns for death, but there are different tones to his yearning as he confronts death in different circumstances; from his encounter with his fathers ghost to the discovery of his beloved Ophelia dead in the ground, Hamlet feels an irrepressible urge to end his life. There are obstacles that get in his way, both internal and external, and Shakespeares play is an account of Hamlets struggle with them. When we first meet Hamlet, he is moping around ElsinoreRead More Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay3091 Words   |  13 PagesHamlet and Insanity      Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare’s creation of the character of Hamlet within the tragedy of that name left open the question of whether the madness of the protagonist is entirely feigned or not. This essay will treat this aspect of the drama.    George Lyman Kittredge in the Introduction to The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, explains the lack of success with Hamlet’s pretended insanity, and in so doing he implies that the madness is entirely feigned and not real:

Heartless Capitalism Exposed in A Christmas Carol by...

Beginning in England in the late eighteenth century, the Industrial Revolution changed the face of the countrys economy. Despite becoming a center of wealth and production for the world, the majority of the capital rested firmly in the hands of wealthy capitalists who had little regard for the suffering endured by millions of working-class individuals. In A Christmas Carol(1843) by Charles Dickens, this theme of industrial suffering is illustrated through the historical and symbolic characterization of Bob Cratchit and his family, juxtaposed against Scrooges heartless capitalist ideals. Through this powerful theme of industrial suffering, Dickens permits the reader to visualize the suffering of the poor during the mid-Victorian†¦show more content†¦It is ironic that the comforter which should provide warmth and comfort, bears little protection from the cold and suffering. Similarly, Bob Cratchit is not permitted to replenish his fire because Scrooge withholds the coal box in side his own office. This coal symbolizes the basic necessities of life which the gluttonous upper class individuals withhold from the working-class, in a complete disregard for their well-being. Therefore, having seen poverty first-hand, Dickens implies via the poor salary, the harsh working conditions, and through the lack of heat that the capitalists willfully abuse their workers as to retain extra capital for their personal use. Due to Bob Cratchits passiveness amidst the disdainful conditions, Dickens implies that the working class cannot stand up to the wealthy, for in doing so they risk their employment. If they were to stand up, the capitalists could easily find another individual who will eagerly fill the same position under the same conditions. Representative of this socio-economic situation, according to Green and Parton occupation [was] critical when life was conducted as a hand to mouth existence. The workers are trapped; without the little money they earn through employment their families will starve. Therefore

Analysis of Tetrahydrocannabinol Free Essays

THC is a substance that has been around in civilizations around the world for many, many years. The discovery of THC occurred after discovering that morphine attached to receptors in the brain which caused an individual to feel high, chemists in the 40’s and 50’s found that there were specific receptors for THC in the brain and how there is a natural chemical in our body that is similar to THC. It wasn’t until 1963 that two scientists named Mechoulam and Yehiel Gaoni isolated, and first synthesized THC. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Tetrahydrocannabinol or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the world’s history, THC has had a long journey. The first discoveries of it being used were in hemp ropes, and burial clothes made by the Chinese in 10,000 BC. In the middle Ages, Cannabis was grown abundantly throughout Cairo and was never successfully banned due to its use being reinforced by the Koran. When France invaded Napoleon attempted to further the ban on the drug, but people started to spread the word of the wonderful effects it can bring. In the 1900’s the drug was outlawed because a man named Harry J. Anslinger had a personal problem with the drug and in 1937 it was finally banned for good by the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. (The Role of Chemistry in History, History of THC) THC (Merck index number of 9283) is naturally found in a liquid state which is commonly unknown because when it is in the crystal on the plant that is because it is mixed in with other cannabinoids and varieties of terpenes. (Chemical Ecology of Cannabis, David W. Pate) Due to the IUPAC name of THC, tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6-dibenzo[?,d]pyran-1-ol, and the structural formula of THC. I believe that THC is actually in the alcohol family of Organic chemistry with the Molecular formula of C21H30O2. The lethal dosage of THC has only been tested in labs with rats, but it can be calculated to reveal how much THC would need to be smoked to be considered a lethal dosage to human beings. The LD50 in male rats is 1270 mg/kg, and 730 mg/kg in female rats when taken orally in sesame oil, and 42 mg/kg among both genders when inhaled. Cannabis Chemistry, Erowid) These statistics, when applied to humans, means that for a human being to overdose on THC, they would have to smoke 15,000 lbs of marijuana in under 14 minutes. Due to the low level of risk from THC, it is used mainly in the world of medicine to help with many types of problems that can commonly be brought by Cancer, and AIDS. One medical issue that THC is used to help with is arthritis, which has mainly become popular in Britain. The larger area of medicine that THC is actually prescribed for is Complications that come with chemotherapy and AIDS Wasting Syndrome. In both cases, it is used to reduce pain, and damper the suffering in an individual. But, it is also used to counteract the appetite loss, and nausea that comes with chemotherapy. AIDS Wasting Syndrome is where an AIDS patient begins to give up hope, and loses their appetite. Which is where, once again, THC comes into play reconnecting that relationship with food. There are many other uses for medical marijuana such as Glaucoma, Multiple Sclerosis, Depression, Movement Disorders, Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, chronic pain, diabetes, Addiction, asthma, brain injury/stroke, crohn’s disease, ulcerative depression, mental illness, epilepsy, fibromyalgia, high blood pressure/hypertension, migraine, Nail Patella Syndrome, Schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Tourette’s syndrome, but not enough research have been done on these topics to be able to argue the beneficial use of THC as a cure. Some common reactions that a human can have to THC in marijuana from either smoking too much, or being allergic can include depression, anxiety, fatigue, short-term memory loss, dizziness, nausea, tempered coordination, palpitations are experienced as generalized discomfort, and ill-being. Also, acute anxiety or panic attacks from a feeling of loss of self, or loosing of one’s mind. (Acute Effects of Marijuana, NCMDA) Many studies were done that tried to look at the link between juvenile crimes, and the users of marijuana. A few societal issues that were found to be most commonly linked include Truancy, low self-esteem, delinquent behavior (Stealing, vandalism, fare dodging), having delinquent friends, hanging out on streets in boredom, and other behavioral/mental health issues(those in special education programs/schools tend to use more) (The global youth network, Drug trends) Some short term psychological effects of THC can include distorted sense of time, paranoia, magical or â€Å"random† thinking, short-term memory loss, anxiety, and depression. It also blocks certain receptors in your brain that can cause your brain to be unsure whether it can achieve certain tasks or not which can lead to the paranoia, and uncertainty in someone under the influence of THC. (WedMD) When you grow a Cannabis plant, THC seems to be more abundant in that plant when grown in a drier climate. In 1975 two scientists, Latta and Eaton, ran a study that showed when a Cannabis plant is put under more stress in the growing conditions, such as the lack of soil moisture available and competition with neighboring plants, increased the production of delta-9-THC. (Chemical Ecology of Cannabis, David W. Pate) After conducting many hours of research on this topic, I believe that THC is actually a better substance for you than many others out there. It has never caused a single death, and is greatly beneficial to medical treatments of the chronically ill. How to cite Analysis of Tetrahydrocannabinol, Papers

Examining The Xerox Corporation Fraud Case Essay Example For Students

Examining The Xerox Corporation Fraud Case Essay Xerox Corporation is a planetary papers direction company which manufactures and sells a scope of colour and black-and-white pressmans, multifunction systems, exposure duplicators, digital production printing imperativenesss, and related consulting services and supplies. Xerox is headquartered in Norwalk, Connecticut, though its largest population of employees is based in and around Rochester, New York, the country in which the company was founded. History: The Xerox 914 was the first one-piece field paper photocopier, and sold in the 1000s. Xerox was founded in 1906 in Rochester, New York as The Haloid Company , which originally manufactured photographic paper and equipment. The company later changed its name to Haloid Xerox in 1958 and so merely Xerox in 1961. The company came to prominence in 1959 with the debut of the first field paper photocopier utilizing the procedure of xerography ( electrophotography ) developed by Chester Carlson, the Xerox 914. The 914 was so popular that by the terminal of 1961, Xerox had about $ 60 million in gross. By 1965, grosss leaped to over $ 500 million. Before let go ofing the 914, Xerox had besides introduced the first xerographic pressman, the Copyflo in 1955. The company expanded well throughout the sixtiess, doing millionaires of some enduring investors who had nursed the company through the slow research and development stage of the merchandise. In 1960, the Wilson Center for Research and Technology was opened in Webster, New York, a research installation for xerography. In 1961, the company changed its name to Photocopy Corporation . Xerox common stock ( XRX ) was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1961 and on the Chicago Stock Exchange in 1990. In 1963, Xerox introduced the Xerox 813, the first desktop plain-paper duplicator, conveying Carlson s vision of a duplicator that could suit on anyone s office desk into a world. Ten old ages subsequently in 1973, a colour duplicator followed. The optical maser pressman was invented in 1969 by Xerox research worker Gary Starkweather by modifying a Xerox duplicator. This development resulted in the first commercially available optical maser pressman, the Xerox 9700, being launched in 1977. Laser publishing finally became a multi billion dollar concern for Xerox. In 1970, under company president Charles Peter McColough, Xerox opened the Xerox PARC ( Xerox Palo Alto Research Center ) research installation. The installation developed many modern calculating engineerings such as the mouse and the graphical user interface ( GUI ) . From these innovations, Xerox PARC created the Xerox Alto in 1973, a little minicomputer similar to a modern workstation or personal computing machine. This machine can be considered the first true personal computing machine, given its various combination of a cathode-ray-type screen, mouse-type pointing device, and a QWERTY-type alphameric keyboard. But the Alto was neer commercially sold, as Xerox itself could non see the gross revenues potency of it. In 1979, several Apple Computer employees, including Steve Jobs, visited Xerox PARC, interested in seeing their developments. Jobs and the others saw the commercial potency of the GUI and mouse, and began development of the Apple Lisa, which Apple introduced in 1983. In the mid 1980s, Apple considered purchasing Xerox ; nevertheless, a trade was neer reached. Apple alternatively bought rights to the Alto GUI and adapted it into to a more low-cost personal computing machine, aimed towards the concern and instruction markets. The Apple Macintosh was released in 1984, and was the first personal computing machine to popularise the GUI and sneak amongst the populace. The company was revived in the 1980s and 1990s, through betterment in quality design and realignment of its merchandise line. Xerox worked to turn its merchandise into a service, supplying a complete papers service to companies including supply, care, constellation, and user support. To reenforce this image, the company introduced a corporate signature, The Document Company above its chief logo and introduced a ruddy digital Ten . The digital Ten symbolized the passage of paperss between the paper and digital universes. Although Xerox is a planetary trade name, it maintains a joint venture, Fuji Xerox, with Nipponese photographic house Fuji Photo Film Co. to develop, bring forth and sell in the Asia-Pacific part. Fuji Photo Film Co. is presently the bulk stakeholder, with 75 % of the shareholding. Xerox now sponsors the Factory Ducati Team in the World Superbike Championship, under the name of the Xerox Ducati . Xerox today industries and sells a broad assortment of office and production equipment including LCD Monitors, exposure duplicators, Xerox Phaser pressmans, multifunction pressmans, large-volume digital pressmans every bit good as workflow package under the trade name scheme of FreeFlow. Xerox besides sells scanners and digital imperativenesss. On 29 May 2008, Xerox launched XEROX iGen 4 digital imperativeness. It besides produces fax machines, professional pressmans, black and white duplicators, and several other merchandises. In add-on, Xerox produces many printing and office supplies. Hallmark: The word Xerox is normally used as a equivalent word for photocopy ( both as a noun and a verb ) in many countries ; for illustration, I Xeroxed the papers and placed it on your desk. or Please do a Xeroxed transcript of the articles and manus them out a hebdomad before the test . Though both are common, the company does non excuse such utilizations of its hallmark, and is peculiarly concerned about the on-going usage of Xerox as a verb as this places the hallmark in danger of being declared a generic word by the tribunals. The company is engaged in an on-going advertisement and media run to convert the populace that Xerox should non be used as a verb. To this terminal, the company has written to publications that have used Xerox as a verb, and has besides purchased print advertizements declaring that you can non Xerox a papers, but you can copy it on a Xerox Brand copying machine . Xerox Corporation continues to protect its hallmark diligently in most if non all hallmark classs. Despite their attempts, many lexicons continue to advert the usage of Xerox as a verb, including the OxfordA EnglishA Dictionary. In 2008, Xerox changed its logo to a ruddy domain with a white Ten with three Greies chevrons. The alteration is meant to reflect less on the exposure copying responsibilities Xerox has carried out and alternatively to refocus on papers direction and solutions across the universe for companies. About KPMG: The KPMG web was formed in 1987 when Peat Marwick International and Klynveld Main Goerdeler merged along with their several member houses. There were four cardinal figures in the formation of KPMG. They are the establishing members of the present organisation. Klynveld: Piet Klynveld founded the accounting house Klynveld Kraayenhof A ; Co in Amsterdam. In 1917. Peat: William Barclay Peat founded the accounting house Peat A ; Co in London. Marwick: James Marwick established the accounting house Marwick, Mitchell A ; Co in New York City in 1897. Goerdeler: Dr. Reinhard Goerdeler was the first president of the International Federation of Accountants and a president of KPMG. He is credited with puting the foundations of the Klynveld Main Goerdeler Merger. KPMG houses are some of the universe s prima suppliers of audit, revenue enhancement and advisory services. TheyA have 135,000 people runing in over 140 states. TheirA pattern isA organized around our Audit, Tax and Advisory patterns. The Xerox fraud instance: In one of the latest dirts affecting a outstanding American corporation, Xerox revealed in 2002 that over the five old ages prior to 2002 it had improperly classified over $ 6 billion in gross, taking to an exaggeration of net incomes by about $ 2 billion. Bioethics in A Brave New World EssayAcceleration of grosss from portfolio plus scheme minutess: Selling investors the gross watercourse from portfolios of its rentals that otherwise would non hold allowed for immediate gross acknowledgment. SEC alleges that Xerox used these minutess to acknowledge gross that would hold otherwise been recognized in future periods and failed to unwrap this pattern Deceitful use of militias and other income: Xerox allegedly increased its net incomes by let go ofing extra militias that were originally established for some other intent into income in misdemeanor of GAAP. Xerox besides allegedly consistently released a addition associated with the successful declaration of a difference with the Internal Revenue Service to improperly increase net incomes from 1997 through 2000. Although GAAP required that the full addition be recognized upon the completion of all legal eventualities in 1995 and 1996, Xerox used most of it to run into its net incomes marks. Failure to unwrap factoring minutess: Xerox allegedly failed to unwrap factoring minutess that allowed it to describe a positive twelvemonth terminal hard currency balance, alternatively of a negative 1. This factorization involved Xerox selling its receivables at a price reduction in order to recognize instant hard currency alternatively of a future watercourse of hard currency. Harmonizing to SEC ailment, analysts looked to Xerox to increase its liquidness and called for stronger end-of twelvemonth hard currency balances in 1999. Unable to bring forth hard currency, Xerox direction instructed its largest runing units to research the possibility of prosecuting in factoring minutess with local Bankss. These minutess materially affected Xerox s 1999 operating hard currency flows but these Minutess were non disclosed in its 1999 fiscal statements. In some of the factoring minutess involved buy-back understandings in which Xerox would reacquire the receivables after the terminal of the twelvemonth. By accounting for these minutess as true gross revenues, Xerox violated GAAP. Not merely did Xerox neglect to unwrap the understandings, it failed to change by reversal them in the following twelvemonth. Without acknowledging or denying the allegations of the ailment, Xerox consented to a concluding judgement that includes a lasting injunction from go againsting the antifraud, coverage and recordkeeping commissariats of the federal securities Torahs, specifically Section 17 ( a ) of the Securities Act of 1933 and Sections 10 ( B ) , 13 ( a ) , 13 ( B ) ( 2 ) ( A ) and 13 ( B ) ( 2 ) ( B ) of the Exchange Act and Rules 10b-5, 13a-1. 13a-13, 12b-20 and 13b2-1 promulgated there under. In add-on, Xerox agreed to repeat its financials for the old ages 1997 through 2000 and pay a $ 10 million civil punishment. As portion of this understanding, Xerox besides agreed to hold its board of managers review the company s material internal accounting controls and policies. The Consequences that followed: Xerox Corp. agreed to pay $ 670 million while KPMG LLP had to pay $ 80 million, to settle an eight-year-old securities case filed on behalf of Xerox investors who claimed Xerox committed accounting fraud to run into Wall Street net incomes outlooks. The instance of Carlson v. Xerox Corp. , filed on behalf of buyers of Xerox common stock and bonds from between February 1998 and June 27, was something of a high profile one for the pre-Enron epoch. In April 2002, Xerox had already agreed to a $ 10 million mulct as portion of a colony with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The mulct was the largest of all time paid by a company to settle with the SEC at that clip. The SEC charged that the duplicator company schemed to victimize investors during a four-year period by utilizing what it called accounting actions and accounting chances to run into or transcend Wall Street outlooks and mask its true operating public presentation. The committee stated at the clip that most of the actions violated by and large accepted accounting rules, and therefore accelerated the company s acknowledgment of equipment gross by more than $ 3 billion and increasing its pretax net incomes by about $ 1.5 billion. In 2005, KPMG agreed to pay $ 22.5 million to settle SEC charges related to its audits of Xerox from 1997 through 2000. Under that agreement, the house agreed to release the $ 9.8 million in fees it received for scrutinizing Xerox s books during that clip, and pay $ 2.7 million in involvement and a $ 10 million civil punishment. The entire bundle was the largest payment of all time made to the SEC by an audit house. The Securities and Exchange Commission besides charged six former senior executives of Xerox Corporation, including its former main executive officers, Paul A. Allaire and G. Richard Thoman, and its former main fiscal officer, Barry D. Romeril, with securities fraud and aiding and abetting Xerox s misdemeanors of the coverage, books and records and internal control commissariats of the federal securities Torahs. The six suspects agreed to pay over $ 22 million in punishments, vomit and involvement without acknowledging or denying the SEC s allegations. The SEC intended to hold these financess paid into a tribunal history pursuant to the Fair Fund commissariats of Section 308 ( a ) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for ultimate distribution to victims of the alleged fraud. The suspects had each offered to settle by accepting, without acknowledging or denying the SEC s allegations, to the entry of a concluding judgement in the civil action that: for good enjoins each of them from go againsting Section 10 ( B ) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 there under, helping and abetting misdemeanors of Sections 13 ( a ) , 13 ( B ) ( 2 ) ( A ) and 13 ( B ) ( 2 ) ( B ) of the Exchange Act and Rules 12b-20, 13a-1 and 13a-13 there under, and ( except for Allaire and Thoman ) go againsting Section 13 ( B ) ( 5 ) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13b2-1 there under ; imposes an officer and manager saloon against Allaire ( 5 old ages ) , Thoman ( 3 old ages ) Romeril ( permanent ) , and Fishbach ( 5 old ages ) ; requires each of them to pay civil punishments in the undermentioned sums: $ 1 million for Allaire ; $ 750,000 for Thoman ; $ 1 million for Romeril ; $ 100,000 for Fishbach ; $ 75,000 for Marchibroda ; and $ 75,000 for Tayler ; Requires Fishbach and Marchibroda to release their several rights to certain deferred fillips ( $ 127,035 for Fishbach and $ 50,228 for Marchibroda ) plus accumulated involvement on these sums. Requires each of them to pay vomit and prejudgment involvement thereon in the undermentioned sums: Allaire: $ 5,696,678 vomit ; $ 1,938,124 prejudgement involvement ; Thoman: $ 4,668,396 vomit ; $ 1,440,993 prejudgement involvement ; Romeril: $ 2,987,282 vomit ; $ 1,227,688 prejudgement involvement ; Fishbach: $ 666,748 vomit ; $ 289,904 prejudgement involvement ; Marchibroda: $ 273,399 vomit ; $ 88,920 prejudgement involvement ; Tayler: $ 92,603 vomit ; $ 32,397 prejudgement involvement ; and ; Required Fishbach and Marchibroda to release their several rights to certain deferred fillips ( $ 127,035 for Fishbach and $ 50,228 for Marchibroda ) plus accumulated involvement on these sums. In add-on, both Romeril and Tayler agreed to the entry by the SEC of an Order pursuant to Govern 102 ( vitamin E ) of the SEC s Rules of Practice that suspends each of them ( based on the entry of the injunction in the federal tribunal action ) from looking or practising before the SEC as an comptroller. This Order will suspend Romeril for good and suspend Tayler for three old ages with a right to use for reinstatement after the three-year period.

Theft Essay Example For Students

Theft Essay Theft; the act or instance of stealing ones good without their consent. It is a bad habit that is often acquired and is insidious. Once developed one often justify it with fallacious reasoning to convince themselves that it is indeed normal. This was complex Marya, from the short story Theft by Joyce Carol Oates went through. Marya is a remarkably brilliant student who had to support herself through college by working at a local library because her family was poor. She also is very competitive and diligent. Her classmates and teachers often admire her wit, charm, and articulate arguments. However, one cannot judge a book by its cover. Although Marya, one of the scholarship girls, appears to be an upright, quiet student, she often partakes upon petty theft. These trivial items that she steals materialistically means nothing for her but the act thievery seems to be an outlet for her express her power and triumph over those who undermines her perfect record. As a scholarship girl Marya is very proud of her intelligence, yet in constant fear of the prospect of failure. She seems to always be preoccupied with studies, grades, employment, and finance and never had time for herself or any one else. Shes constant striving to keep her perfect record. When she feels that her perfect record is jeopardized she becomes indignant and begins to stonewall those around her. Perhaps this is the reason why she steals; to retaliate, to even the score. Though Marys grades for the course were all As, the grade posted for her final examination was C; and the final grade for the course was a-humiliating B+of course she ran up to his office, made an appointment to see him; after a few minutes clucking and fretting, he the professor who made the mistake on her final exam consented to raise the grade to AA minute later Marya was striding down the corridor, her pulses beating hot, in triumph. In her pocket was the black fountain pen she had lifted from the mans cluttered desk. In this in cident one can see how Marya reacted when her straight As record was almost ruin by the negligence of the professor. She felt cheated and thus in a whim, she snatched the professors pen. Although she didnt have any realistic used of the pen besides writing her name insanely over and over again in her notebook until it ran out of ink and threw it away, she felt empowered by the act-something that is intangible. The pen symbolizes her triumph over the ignorant man and her shame was erased by it. The instant when the pen passed over from the belonging of the professor to belonging to her was like winning an award or trophy. When an athlete break a world record or defeat an opponent he is endowed with fame, glory, success, and power. The fame and status of the opponent is then transfer to the victor. This is the feeling Marya sought. In stealing the pen she now receives the professors essence and power. According to Freud a mans greatest power lies in his ability to procreate which tran slate to his phallus. The pen was an extension of the professors phallus and ultimately his power.In taking this pen, she has symbolically castrated him-the person who almost took her perfect record away-and thus gaining this awesome power. She simultaneously eliminated an obstruction and preserved her perfect record. To Marya, education means an escape from her appalling life; an escape from her social debacle. In order for her to live up to her scholarship girl status, Marya felt that she must constantly exert herself; thrive for perfection. Everything she does evince this, from the way she acts, live, read. The enigmatic reason why she steals also reflects upon this relentless pursuit of perfection. It occurred to her with a chilling certitude that every moment not consciously devoted to her work was an error, a blunder. With this belief embedded deeply in her unconsciousness she felt that Imogene is insidiously stealing her precise time-she couldnt afford Imogene. To her Imogene was a social-parasite that is gradually feeding off her and weakening her. Not only did Imogene steal time from her but also she stole her innocence. 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Afghanistans Economy

Afghanistans Economy Free Online Research Papers There are many concerns that come to mind when discussing the current state of Afghanistan’s economy. Twenty years of war has crippled the economy and citizens must find ways to survive day-by-day by scrounging enough food for themselves and family. Citizens do not have the facilities to receive an education or treatment for medical conditions. According to Afghanistan Facts, on average, men die at forty years of age and women at forty-three (â€Å"Afghanistan Facts†). There are hundreds of thousands people that are disabled due to war, land mines, or lack of fruit and vegetables in Afghanistan and there is not any help available to them. Afghanistan is the most heavily mined country in the world and according to Kevin Whitelaw; mine-related injuries number up to 300 per month (Whitelaw). Citizens that are willing and able to work are struggling to eat, making it impossible to help others in need. The problems that are evident in Afghanistan’s economy are governm ent issues, trade/foreign relations, and lack of available labor. Afghanistan is about 252,000 square miles which is slightly smaller than the state of Texas with a population, according to Kevin Whitelaw, of 25,853,797 people (Whitelaw). Most of the land is either mountainous or desert with a dry climate being very cold in the winter and very hot in the summer. The capital, Kabul, is the most populated city in Afghanistan as stated by Kevin Whitelaw, there are 1,780,000 citizens residing within this area (Whitelaw). More than 4 million Afghans live outside the country residing in Pakistan and Iran to avoid violence. The violence in Afghanistan has hurt their economy and they are only averaging an annual growth rate of 14 percent since 2002. Afghanistan’s economy, with relation to the currency and natural resources, has not been stable throughout its existence. According to Kevin Whitelaw, their GDP is three billion (1991 est.), purchasing parity power (1999 est.) is twenty-one billion, and natural resources include: natural gas, oil, coal, copper, chomite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron, salt, precious, and semiprecious stones (Whitelaw). Agriculture takes up a majority of Afghanistan’s GDP which produces wheat, corn, barley, rice, cotton, fruit, nuts, karakul pelts, wool, and mutton. Their industry is composed of the production of small scale textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, cement, carpets, natural gas, precious, and semiprecious gemstones. In the 1930’s, the government created banks, introduced paper money, established a university, expanded school systems, and sent students abroad for education. In the 1970’s there was mixed results because of problems with plan ning processes, funding, and a shortage of skilled managers and technicians. The currency currently being used is called the Afghani. There are many problems surrounding this currency due to individual printing in different parts of the country. The Afghani has an inflation rate that fluctuates often. According to Kevin Whitelaw, the market rate during much of 2001 for each currency exceeded 50,000 Afghanis=U.S. $1 (Whitelaw). Afghanistan citizens do not take old currency out of circulation, dating all the way back to 1930, like banks do here in America. There are other foreign currencies often used as legal tender including the Rupee from Pakistan. Due to the Soviet invasion and ongoing civil war the GDP has substantially fallen over the past 20 years because of the loss of labor, capital, and disruption of trade and transport. The idea of new currency that is supported by US$220 million in gold from the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank could diminish warlords’ power in Afghanistan. When the money is destroyed citizens will receive a small number of bills at one time. This will devalue Rabbani’s money and counterfeiters will have a difficult time keeping up with the new designs such as silver tabbed notes. In the past warlords’ were able to simply produce their own money which caused anarchy among the country. This may not stop the counterfeiting but it sure will slow the process down. The only problem with this concept is convincing citizens to put their money in the bank. There are banks available in Kabul that reopened recently. Most Afghans initially hide their money or purchase gold and Rupees, and then hide those items. Another improvement to be made to Afghanistan is the introduction of taxes. Taxation has never been a part of Afghanistan government and will be hard to introduce because of the lack of competent civil service. Afghanistan considers itself as an â€Å"Islamic state.† Its government has been full of corruption and violence since its beginning. It wasn’t until 2001 that an agreement was reached to introduce an interim government that will hopefully flourish into a permanent government. Interim Authority only sustained power for six months and in 2002 decided to develop a structure of Transitional Authority which was later named the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (TISA). TISAs authority was very weak outside of the Capital of Kabul and had difficulties when trying to deliver the social services needed within communities. With much support from the Coalition Afghanistan has secured its borders, which has led to internal order rising. Afghanistan has been training a National Army (ANA) and police officers. This can bring much of the needed order to their country. In the mid 1980s, there was an Afghan resistance movement aided by the United States, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and many others that exacted a high price from the Soviets. In 1988 the governments of Pakistan and Afghanistan signed an agreement settling the major differences between Afghanistan and the Soviets which took six years. This agreement was the Geneva Accords which included five major documents and called for the United States and Soviet to not interfere with the internal affairs within Afghanistan and Pakistan, the return of refugees without fear of persecution, and total withdraw of the Soviet from Afghanistan. The casualties of this ongoing war were about 14,500 Soviet and about one million Afghans between the time of 1979 and 1989. The mujahidin opposed the Geneva Accords and as a result the civil war continued within the country. This problem increased when Gen. Abdul Rashid Dostam, a mujahidin, took over Kabul and had control over the central government. Without Soviet oc cupation the inner problems which include ethnic, clan, religious, and personality differences, exploded in Afghanistan. Heavy fighting broke out in Kabul when those who were loyal to President Rabbani opposed those who were loyal to Gulbuddin. When Rabbani stayed in office he appointed Hekmatyar as Prime Minister, which ended up not being very successful. The Jalalabad Accord was implemented which called for militias’ to be disarmed but of course was not strictly enforced. In 1994, Dostam switched sides and caused many casualties within Kabul and Northern provinces. The fighting led to more displaced people and refugees. This in turn caused more anarchy and warlords’ took power over the entire country. The rise of Taliban is a significant issue in Afghanistan. According to Kevin Whitelaw, the name Talib itself means pupil (Whitelaw). This was a cover for what would turn into one of the biggest terror groups known today. In the beginning this group was designed to remove warlords, provide order, and impose Islam into the country. It was highly supported by Pakistan, who was in hopes of peace in Afghanistan. In 1994 the Taliban was able to overthrow the city of Kandahar from local warlords’ and increased control throughout Afghanistan. According to Whitelaw, by the end of 1998, the Taliban occupied about 90% of the country, limiting the opposition largely to a small largely Tajik corner in the northeast and the Panjshir valley (Whitelaw). The Taliban’s’ initiation of the extreme interpretation of Islam in Afghanistan created more problems on top of all the others. The problems included human rights violations especially against women and girls. Women were not all owed to work outside the home or pursue an education. Women are required to wear a burka and are not allowed to leave their home without a male relative. The Taliban proceeded to destroy anything that represented Afghanistan’s’ pre-Islamic past, even destructing statues of Buddha. The Taliban took it’s turn for the worse when they adopted Osama Bin Laden, who provided a base for terrorist organization, into the group. Bin Laden was powerful in that he provided financial and political support to the group to increase their presence in Afghanistan. Bin Laden and his Al Qaeda group were responsible for numerous bombings including that of the U.S. embassies in Nairobi and Dar Es Salaam and the September 11th attacks on the Twin Towers. The Taliban refused to get rid of Bin Laden and his group which led to the United States and its partners to enact a campaign to target terrorist facilities, the Taliban’s military and political assets. The United States Air F orce went forward and bombed terrorist’s camps on 2001. After this occurred the Taliban disintegrated and Kabul fell. Afghans that opposed the Taliban met and agreed on a political process to restore stability and governance. They came up with TISA which has the primary function of writing a constitution and to hold elections. Afghanistan’s main exports are natural gas and dried out fruit. Their other exports include carpets, fresh fruit, wool, and cotton. Afghanistan imports food, motor vehicles, petroleum products, and textiles. Most of the foreign trade is controlled by the government or government-controlled monopolies. Trade only accounts for a small portion of the Afghanistan’s’ economy. According to â€Å"Afghanistan Facts†, the leading purchasers of Afghan products, in addition to the USSR and the former Soviet republics, have been Pakistan, Great Britain, Germany, and India (â€Å"Afghanistan Facts†). Afghanistan does not trade with the United States often. In the 1970s the Soviets estimated that, according to Kevin Whitelaw, Afghanistan had as much as five trillion cubic feet of natural gas, 95 million barrels of oil and condensate reserves, and over 400 million tons in coal (Whitelaw). The conflicting issues, rough terrain, and inadequate transportation make th e mining of these resources very difficult. Trade in goods that were smuggled into Pakistan was a major source of revenue for Afghan regimes and is very important to the economy. Many of the goods were originated in Pakistan which made goods free of duty. Pakistan, in 2000, tightened the regulations on what would be allowed to be traded with no duty. This ended up providing jobs to Afghans on both sides of the Durand Line . There a significant problems with transportation in Afghanistan. They do not have any functioning railways which makes it difficult to get around. There is a river however that allows barge traffic along the borders of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. There are busses and trucks that provide public transportation, but only offer a small space for multiple passengers. There is one major highway that goes along the main cities but is in much need for reconstruction. According to Kevin Whitelaw, the poor state of the Afghan transportation and communication networks has further fragmented and hobbles the struggling economy (Whitelaw). There are only 48 airports in Afghanistan in which only half have paved runways. Camels and other pack animals are used frequently for delivering goods. The energy used in Afghanistan mostly comes from firewood and the rest comes from gas, oil, and hydroelectricity. There dams stationed in four cities that are also used to store water for irrigatio n. The Afghanistan economy is very much centered around agriculture, even though only 12% of its total land is arable and less than 6% is currently is cultivated. The agricultural production process is often hindered by erratic winter snows and spring rains for water. The agriculture production took a significant hit when there was a three year drought, as well as the continued fighting inside of the country. According to Kevin Whitelaw, recent studies indicate that agricultural production and livestock numbers are only sufficient to feed about half of Afghanistan’s population (Whitelaw). Shortages are heavily due to transportation, lack of government, and war. Opium is prevalent in Afghanistan, and the Taliban earned about forty million dollars a year for exporting. Afghanistan was the world’s largest producer of raw opium which is easy to cultivate and transport. Opium is refined into heroin and distributed to addicts all over. TISA wants to eliminate the narcotics e conomy that is flourishing. The labor force is another issue causing difficulties in Afghanistan. Over the centuries, citizens have been able to adapt to these conditions by farming or herding. Citizens are struggling to feed their families and these trades are limited in respect to ecological, economic, and political factors. According to William Byrd and John Wall, in 1993 the total labor force was estimated to be about 6.6 million (Byrd and Wall). Widespread unemployment and a lack of skilled workers and administrators are the most important problems facing Afghanistan’s economy. There have been numerous attempts to reform Afghanistan into a stable country but it seems that it will take more time. To bring in more foreign currency the government would like to ensure enough stability for tourism business. The roads are full of potholes, boulders, and bandits that make it scary for people to want to travel there. The government is also putting money into restoring ancient Muslim religious shrines to attract tourists. This is a small step into recovering Afghanistan’s economy and much more is needed. To avoid going back into warfare Afghanistan will need about US$20 billion in aid for the next five years. According to William Byrd and John Wall, the economic recovery was concentrated in areas of the country taken over relatively early by the Taliban (who now control about 90% of the country); they removed barriers to trade and restored a certain degree of order (Byrd and Wall). With so many problems occurring in Afghanistan it is almost impossible to get them on the right track. The attempts to structure a functional government date all the way back to the 1930s. People thought that the problem was with the Soviet presence in Afghanistan, but after they left the country it has been on a downward spiral. The only hope of developing a structured economy in Afghanistan would be to incorporate a government that will last, help the labor force, and construct a developed trade relations agreement. Stopping the conflict in this country has proved to be difficult, but one must continue to try to fix the problem because problems do not fix themselves. : â€Å"Afghanistan Facts.† Afghanistan’s Web Site. 2009. Afghanistan. 5 Nov. 2009 â€Å"Afghanistan Government.† Afghanistan Journey to the land of Afghans. 2009. SAARC Tourism. 6 Nov. 2009 Byrd, William and Wall, John. â€Å"Brief Overview of Afghanistan’s Economy.† 5 Oct. 2001. Mafhoum. 6 Nov. 2009 â€Å"Burka† 2009. Dictionary.com. 6 Nov. 2009 Hubbard, Glenn and O’Brien Anthony. Macroeconomics. New York: Prentice Hall, 2009. â€Å"The Texas Almanac.† Texas’ Natural Environment. 2009. The Texas State Historical Association. 6 Nov. 2009 Whitelaw, Kevin A Mixed Report in Afghanistan. U.S. News World Report 142.18 (2007): 30. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 15 Nov. 2009. Research Papers on Afghanistan's EconomyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationDefinition of Export Quotas19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAWNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaResearch Process Part One

MEDIA INDUSTRIES IN EAST ASIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MEDIA INDUSTRIES IN EAST ASIA - Essay Example The continuous development in the economic sector has rejuvenated China as an economic powerhouse and made Chinese society accredited with varied new values and diverse trends while forcing the government to adopt some kind of limited decentralization policies and political reforms (Chen, 2007). These trends of liberalization have however been accompanied with constant official efforts to strengthen the political authority over the media and the society (Chen, 2007). Since 1949 till the 1980’s almost all Chinese media was controlled by the state. The inception of private media only occurred with the begining of economic reforms in China. The private media bodies that are functioning within the boundaries of Public Republic of China are no longer required to follow the journalistic guidelines set by the state with the exception of Macao and Hong Kong. Even today the state run media enjoy a significant market share in the industry of mass media. However governmental regulating a gencies like General Administration of Press and Publications still enforce strict guidelines on tabooed subjects projected in the media. Regardless of such strict control of state on the mass media and its censorship policies, the Chinese media is experiencing increasing commercialization characterized with growing competition and an emerging trend towards investigative journalism. Subjects of sports, entertainment and finance are less prone to state scrutiny and face little regulation from the authorities (Bennett, 2013). The controls on the media were relaxed on a limited scale in the 1980’s but were once again subjugated in the lieu of Tiananmen Square protest 1989. Attempts to loosen controls were made in the late 90’s under Jiang Zemin but were once again taken back due to the growing influence of internet (Southerland, 2007). Over the last ten years, the reforms made in order to promote decentralization of power by the Chinese Communist Party have initiated auto nomy in the field of Media. This has led to the formation of local and regional media bodies. This step has decentralized the party control that is the fact that as far a media agency is from important cities more freedom of functioning can be enjoyed by them. The political authority of China now relies on regulatory mechanisms rather than direct control or over sight on the media agencies. There is a potential rise in the kinds of media coverage that were considered acceptable since the 1990’s. Previously the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television used to monitor any news or program prior to its broadcasting on CCTV (Nahan, 2008)but now the programs are reviewed after they have been aired on television. The year 2008 marked 30 years for China’s reforms and opening up to the rest of the world and the Olympics. China was the second country to host Olympics and brought about 10 billion viewings in only 16 days and 2700 hours of sports coverage leading towards a viewershi p rate was 59% (International Media Support, the Danish National Commission for UNESCO and Copenhagen Business School, 2008). China also reported that it would stay open to the international media even after the Olympics. The government proposed a series of set of laws at the end of 2006, which advocated that journalists from abroad could carry out interviews in China as long as the consent was provided by the intended interviewees (China View, 2008).

The Idea Behind All Power to The Soviets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Idea Behind All Power to The Soviets - Essay Example In relation to the viewpoint of Trotsky in ‘Results and Prospects’ identified in the ‘Preface to the Re-Issue of this Work,’ the uprising characters in the Russian Revolution was the most prominent question in terms of forming ideological trends and building a strong movement group upholding the political organizations in the movement. The uprising character in the Russian Revolution had also stirred towards serious contentions from the perspective of social-democratic movement, which further turned into a practical character. Kautsky also realizes that the differences amidst the uprising characters and disagreements of the social-democratic movements had shaped two central movement trends, namely the Menshevism and Bolshevism. In relation to the viewpoint of Menshevism, the revolution was being shaped as a bourgeois movement by transferring adequate power to the bourgeoisie and form conditional aspects for ‘parliamentarism’ of the bourgeois. On the other hand, in a Bolshevism standpoint, the strong establishment of the democratic republic through proletariat and peasantry dictatorship was the prominent object in the form of ‘all power to the Soviets.’ The Bolshevism viewpoint regarding the statement is formed due to the inability of the bourgeois as the uprising character in the revolution.

Situation Of Mcdonalds KFC

Situation Of Mcdonalds KFC McDonalds is one of the best international retailers in providing fast food services to its customers. Providing world class fast-food in more than 100 countries is the core idea of McDonalds. McDonalds provide its services in whole of the world. Mc Donalds are local and independent franchisee which is owned and operated globally. In the globally popular restaurant industry in approximately all the countries where it is operating its services McDonalds holds a major part of the share. COMPANY B : KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken is called as KFC. It is a fast food restaurant chain whose headquarteres is in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, which specializes in fried chicken and even in burgers and wraps. KFC secondz over Mcdonalds as an American icon, it is the the worlds largest fried chicken chain and the second largest restaurant chain, with over 17,000 outlets in 105 countries and territories. Founder of KFC is Harland Sanders, who began to sell fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression. The pioneer of the restaurant Sanders is the one who brought in franchising concept, with the first Kentucky Fried Chicken, the franchise opening in Utah in the early 1950s. Its rapid development saw it grow too large for Sanders to handle, and he slowly sold the company to a group of investors. Even after that also Sanders image was still used for branding; Sanders had been made a Kentucky colonel after the success of his first restaurant, and he worked as a goodwill representative for the company until in a while before his death. KFC had mixed success in 1970s and 1980s at home as it went through a series of corporate owners who had little or no familiarity in the restaurant business, although it continued to expand in overseas markets. KFC was sold to the spirits firm Heublein in the early 1970s, who were taken over by the R.J. Reynolds corporation, who sold the chain to PepsiCo. PepsiCo transformed its restaurants division by also including Pizza Hut and Taco Bell, as Tricon Global Restaurants, which was later called as Yum! Brands. The chain primarily sells fried chicken pieces and variations such as wraps,chicken burgers and starters, as well French fries,coleslaw, desserts and other soft drinks, often supplied by PepsiCo. Its most famous product is fried chicken pieces, seasoned with Sanders 11 herbs and spices Original Recipe. The precise nature of these ingredients are unknown, and represent a remarkable trade secret has been kept on this delicious recipe. The famous slogan for KFC is finger lickin good, which has later been replaced by So good, and Nobody does chicken like KFC. China and US,its home country together contain around half of its outlets which are KFCs two major single markets. INTRODUCTION OF LEADERS COMPANY A: JIM SKINNER James Alan Skinner was born 1944 in Illinois. He is an American business executive. He was the Vice Chairman and CEO of McDonalds Corporation. Skinner began his career with McDonalds in 1971 as a restaurant manager trainee in Carpentersville, Illinois. Skinner graduated high school in 1962 at West High School in Davenport, Iowa,[2] he went on to start serving nearly ten years in the United States Navy, Skinner began his career with McDonalds as a restaurant manager trainee in Carpentersville, Illinois in 1971, and since then has held numerous leadership positions. He never graduated from college.[3] He started out like so many other teenagers, working as an entry-level crew person at the old McDonalds on Brady Street in Davenport.[4] Prior to becoming CEO, Skinner was President and Chief Operating Officer of the McDonalds Restaurant Group with corporate management responsibility for Asia, Middle East and Africa (AMEA), and Latin America. Prior to that, he was responsible for McDonald s Japan Limited, their second-largest market. Skinner held numerous positions in the U.S. Corporation, including Director of Field Operations, Market Manager, Regional Vice President and U.S. Senior Vice President and Zone Manager. LINK: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Skinner COMPANY B: ROGER EATON Born in South Africa, Eaton moved to Australia in 1984.[2] Prior to becoming President and Chief Concept Officer of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), he was Senior Vice President/Managing Director of YUM! Restaurants International South Pacific from 2000 to 2008.[1] In April 2009, he appeared in an American commercial promoting the introduction of Kentucky Grilled Chicken to the KFC menu.[3] In May 2009, he appeared again in an American commercial to announce the ending of the free Kentucky Grilled Chicken that was promoted earlier. Due to overwhelming success, the company could not afford to honor the coupons, and Eaton had to announce later compensation for the coupons.[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Eaton Roger Eaton became President of KFC Corporation in early 2008. Eaton is an international restaurant industry veteran and has been with Yum! Brands for 12 years. Prior to taking on the top job at KFC, Roger was Chief Operating and Development Officer for Yum! Since 2000, he has served as Senior Vice President/Managing Director of Yum! Restaurants International South Pacific (SOPAC). Earlier in his career, Eaton was Regional Operations Director of KFC SOPAC, General Manager of KFC New Zealand and Finance Director of KFC SOPAC. Under his leadership, SOPAC has had 27 consecutive quarters of profitable same store sales growth, as well as a consistent above target new restaurant builds. http://topics.wsj.com/person/E/roger-eaton/802 Roger Eaton serves as Yum! Chief Operations Officer, a position he has held since late 2011. Roger has also served as Chief Executive Officer of KFC U.S. after serving as President of KFC Corporation. Eaton is an international restaurant industry veteran and has been with Yum! Brands for 12 years. Prior to his roles at KFC U.S., Roger was Chief Operating and Development Officer for Yum! Brands. He has also served as Senior Vice President/Managing Director of Yum! Restaurants International South Pacific (SOPAC). Earlier in his career, Eaton was Regional Operations Director of KFC SOPAC, General Manager of KFC New Zealand and Finance Director of KFC SOPAC. Under his leadership, SOPAC had 27 consecutive quarters of profitable same store sales growth, as well as consistent above target new restaurant builds. http://www.yum.com/company/srofficers.asp CURRENT SITUATION OF THE COMPANYS COMPANY A: MCDONALDS http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/content/dam/AboutMcDonalds/Investors/Investors%202012/2011%20Annual%20Report%20Final.pdf first paragraph COMPANY B: KFC http://www.yum.com/annualreport/ first paragraph meaning of a leader: A leader is a person who influences a group of people towards the achievement of a goal. http://www.vtaide.com/gleanings/leader.htm LEADERSHIP IN COMPANY COMPANY A: MCDONALDS Truly a charismatic and transformational leader, many attribute McDonalds turn-around in the past few years to the efforts of Skinner; not only did he revitalize the organization, but he reinvented the fast food business with a new vision and direction (Hume, 2007). Early in the turn-around, he was one of the architects of the Plan to Win initiative which renewed McDonalds core focus of store operations. His election to the CEO post provided some stability and faith for the organization. Hume notes that one of the key elements to his success was his vast experience with overseas markets that gave him great diversity exposure which was crucial for the global corporation. This diversity has definitely helped giving McDonalds a competitive advantage, and was paramount in the global communication between employees and customers (Daft, 2008, p. 334). One of his noted achievements during his tenure in regards to leadership was fighting the McJob stigma; he made employees feel important and began to promote the various positions in a brighter light through advertising campaigns (Hume, 2007). In terms of Mr. Skinners philosophy, he is primarily focused on customer satisfaction. He believes that is necessary to first meet customer expectations and then focus on the restaurants themselves. The philosophy also includes keeping things simple and manageable for each store while making sure that everyone is aligned around that one idea. The idea is directed towards making a good appearance, caring about how the restaurant looks and how you present yourself. Another important aspect of his philosophy is the fear of complacency. Therefore, he encourages creativity, but also wants to make sure that people do not lose track of the chains primary objectives (Hume, 2007). Thus, there is a strong focus on coming up with good, creative strategies, and then putting the full effort into successful execution. For Mr. Skinner, a companywide initiative is always a must, and never a maybe. Skinner is also a man of values and ethics: When McDonalds was blamed for the obesity problem, he helpe d direct the company to take responsibility and help create a solution rather than pass the blame. Thus, Skinner can be seen as a moral leader and symbol of doing the right thing for McDonalds (Daft, 2008, p. 169). Finally, one of Skinners continuing main goals is talent management and leadership development (Hume, 2007). This involves critical tasks such as reorganizing individuals into different roles and identifying potential leaders to be awarded additional responsibility. While many of the Mr. Skinners values are not easily discernable on surface, his leadership was seen at the restaurants observed. The care regarding customer satisfaction was most obvious, employees were always polite and the restaurant was very clean. During some observations, employees were seen talking with regular customers beyond the normal service interactions, demonstrating some level of intimacy between them. In addition, almost all employees seemed well mannered and presented themselves well. There seemed to be a high level of morale, even with the more menial and custodial positions, which was unexpected in a fast food restaurant. In many of the locations visited, there were employee recruitment signs on the door that listed benefits; however, the application process was online. While more efficient, perhaps a stronger focus on in-person recruitment would help improving morale and result in more applications. Improving Employee Effectiveness One may initially believe that there is not really much that can or even needs to be done in order to improve efficiency in McDonalds restaurants; however, good leadership involves constantly reinforcing a brighter vision of the future and increasing value for both customers and employees. An employee should not think that just because they cook fries or flip burgers, that they cannot make a difference. Rather, by encouraging creativity and leadership even at this lowest level, the next great executive may emerge. It is important to turn each restaurants employee into a productive team member. In order to increase productivity and employee commitment, we propose several measures. The first measure would be to create a program to encourage creativity among restaurant managers, owners, and operators. In fact, the iconic Ronald McDonald was not developed by Ray Kroc or anyone at corporate, but by the owner of a local franchise (Walker Scott). Rewards should be available for coming up w ith new ideas at the restaurant level. As owners and managers are the ones who are actively involved with the day-to-day operations, they have a greater vantage point for implementing successful changes. In order for such a program to be successful, there must first be some educational programs like workshops. At the regional level, managers and owners can be brought together and taught about creative ideas. This will encourage thinking outside of the box, and furthermore can introduce individuals to the practice of creative swiping, which is a process of copying the best ideas whether they be from within your industry or from completely unrelated fields (Peters, 1987). After properly motivating the owners and managers, there should be a trickledown effect to the restaurants employees. In addition to the trickledown effect of targeting the managers, we would take steps to directly motivate individual employees as well. On this front, one of the first steps is to truly understand each and every employee. Some employees may only be working at McDonalds temporarily, but for others this may be the only available job opportunity. For such individuals, they want to maximize their job satisfaction. We would implement a program similar to those in large corporations where employees are able to set specific goals and explain their rationale for working at McDonalds and what they expect from their employment. This process would show employees that they can do more than flip burgers, for example develop leadership and management skills which can be invaluable regardless of future career plans. Managers and/or owners would apply Vrooms Expectancy Theory in this case; the attention and treatment of each employee should be personalized (Daft, 2008, p. 235). Managers would theref ore develop a plan with each employee to increase his intrinsic satisfaction, while at the same time increasing that employees productivity. Building on our focus on individuals, we would also implement a scholarship and education program. We want our employees to represent us well within our restaurants and throughout the world. We would offer high school and college aged employees a greater number of college scholarship opportunities in return for quality work and demonstration of leadership potential. Younger workers are often harder to motivate directly, but the opportunity to have someone else paying for your education is always a great motivator. The program would reward quality work such as customer service and punctuality, as well as creativity and the ability to dream like a leader. Employees must be sponsored by a manager or owner and would have to write an essay answering a question that instigates them to think creatively about how we as a corporation could improve. This would motivate even the youngest and most inexperienced ones. In fact, this could create an upstream effect on the whole restaurant or corpor ation, increase team cohesiveness and help encouraging those who are older or in higher positions to also think about making the entire organization better (Daft, 2008, p. 239). The winners would make a positive impact on the organization and earn the extrinsic reward of a scholarship. In subsequent years, this would encourage other young employees to also pursue this opportunity, be a first-class worker and think creatively about the organization. http://www.managementparadise.com/forums/foundation-human-skills-f-h-s/221122-leadership-style-mcdonald-s.html COMPANY B: KFC

APN Interviews: Caring, Competency, and Compassion Essay

The healthcare system is ever changing and the need for advanced practice nurses will be in demand. I had an opportunity to interview two advanced practice nurses. Jolene and I met at her home in St. Charles, IL Jolene graduated from the University of Colorado at Denver in 2005 with a master’s degree in nursing and was granted the title: Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP). She got married and accepted a position as a Primary Care Provider at VNA Health Care in Aurora, Ill. VNA Health Care is a federally qualified health center serving the uninsured. In the year 2000, Jolene’s mother was diagnosed with breast cancer. As a loving daughter, she supported her mother through a cancer free journey today. From this experience, Jolene came in contact with all kinds of nurses and because she loves people of all ages, she became inspired to be a family nurse practitioner. I met Linda at her office at Women First in Aurora, Il. In 1974, Linda graduated from Northern  Illinois Unive rsity with her BSN in nursing. Linda worked many years as a nurse in woman health, especially in the OB Department at Provena Mercy Center in Aurora, Il. In 1980, after her daughter entered grade school, Linda decided she wanted pursue a master’s degree in nursing. In 1983 she graduated from the University of Illinois with a master’s degree in nursing and earned the title: Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM). Linda has worked in many in woman’s health practices with physicians and in 1997 established Woman First, Inc., which specializes in midwifery care and woman’s health from puberty to menopause. Linda entered nursing because with her mother being an RN she was exposed to nursing growing up. When she was working as a labor and delivery nurse at Provena Mercy Center and personally experienced midwifery care with her daughter’s birth, this inspired Linda to become a certified nurse midwife Jolene and Linda’s typical day in the clinic are similar because they see patients. In family practice, Jolene will see 40 patients a day, ranging from school physicals, to immunizations, to managing uncontrolled diabetic patients. At Woman First, their practice is different because of OB care. Along with providing routine health care to women, CNMs take an on-call schedule at the hospital to give labor support and help mothers deliver their babies. They also make hospital rounds with the practice’s inpatients and participate in committee meetings for woman health. Caring and Compassion ring through the practices of these two APNs. At the VNA Health Center, Jolene is happ y with her practice and the support she receives from the VNA family. She feels if she can educate diabetic patients, manage their care and listen to them, evidence from her practice shows the patients are more compliant. Jolene practices with in her role as a FNP meaning she takes a holistic approach: (mind, body, and spirit). Over 20 years Linda has pioneered midwifery care in the Aurora area. She was one of the first CNMs to deliver babies in the hospital setting using labor support and delivery of her patients. The hospital has supported midwifery are for more than 20 years. Linda loves being a CNM. She feels very fortunate to practice and give comprehensive healthcare to women and to empower them to make fully informed choices in their health care. Evidence has shown a decrease of cesarean sections and increases of healthy birth outcomes at Woman First. The APNs sit for certification exam based on knowledge and the need to practice safely in NP specialty area.  Jolene obtained certification from the American Nurses Credentialing Service (ANCS), a national certifying body. She received the title of Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP). Linda became certified through the American College of Nurse Midwives Certification Council (ACNMCC), and granted the title of Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM). Recertification for the FNP is every 5 years and for the CNM is every 8 years. Jolene and Linda have full prescriptive authority and may prescribe schedule II-V but require some degree of physician involvement. The medication schedule II-V involves controlled substances and non- controlled substances. Each practitioner has a DEA and NPI number. The DEA registration is required to prescribe controlled substances and NPI number is required on all non controlled substance prescriptions. Linda explained having full prescriptive authority gives her the freedom to practice midwifery care. Pregnant patients have the option to choose natural childbirth, a birth with some medication, or even epidural anesthesia. In order for APN’s to practice in certain situations in Illinois APNs need collaborative agreements. Jolene commented that she has a supervisory collaborative agreement with a family practice physician at the VNA health center.It is a legal document between the physician and FNP stating the relationship and similar unique practice skills of each individual. Linda has had a collaborative agreement with the same ob./gyn physician for the past 20 years. They have built a close professional and personal relationship to give woman excellent health care. The purpose of this agreem ent is having specific guides for CNM care, protocols and standing orders including prescriptive authority. Both women described their credentialing and privilege process within the VNA health center and at Proverna Mercy Center. Jolene went through an interview process with the human resource department and the medical director of the health center. She supplied them with her application, licensure, education, and documentation of experience and clinical competency. The process was different for Linda because clinical privileges at Provena Mercy Center involve a detailed processing. Credentialing is the first process; same as Jolene the credential and competency documents are supplied  through the HR department. The difference in Linda’s process, she received a recommendation from her sponsored physician and extensively interview with the medical review board. The result of the interview and information supplied is used to make a decision to grant privileges Both Jolene and Linda had a 90-day period of time focused on professional practice under their collaborative physicians. With ever-changing health care in APN practices active membership and participation is needed in professional’s organizations. Jolene expressed she is not a member of the American College of Nurse Practitioners (ACNP) because of personal financial problems. Linda is a member of the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM). The example Linda gave was the ACNM is moving toward integrating certified midwives (CMs) with certified nurse midwives (CNMs). She is very interest in the legislation on this issue. Along that discussion I asked about furthering ones education to Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). Jolene commented in the future she would like to pursue her DNP along with her becoming a nurse midwife. The DNP is necessary because the APN scope of practice will widen and more education is needed. Linda received her DNP in 2012 at the University of Illinois. Linda took the clinician expert track in the DNP program because, later in her career, she may want to teach in the clin ical setting. Jolene and Linda are both passionate about their practices—and proud of their contributions to patient recovery. Jolene feels she has helped the underserved and enjoys the variety of disease management. She had a Hispanic man with uncontrolled diabetes. She expressed that patients with chronic diseases tend to have a fatalistic attitude. Jolene, through persistence, convinced him to seek nutritional consults and diabetic education, which caused the man to commit to be compliant and have healthy lifestyle. With Jolene’s help, the man realized he was going to die if he did not take care of himself. Linda contribution to midwifery and woman care is many years of delivering babies, not all deliveries are happy. Some babies are stillborn or babies are born premature, and some with undiagnosed congenital anomalies. Part of  Linda’s spiritual belief is that all babies are gifts from God and all life is precious. An example she related to me was about a Hispanic patient screaming in the labor room. The woman already received some medication for pain. The nurses were getting frustrated at this patient because of the constant yelling. This patient was not a typical midwife patient. Linda was on call when this woman came into the hospital through the emergency room with no prenatal care. Linda came to see the woman and sat down at the bedside and held her hand gently and stroked it her hand. The woman never cried out, Linda did labor support and delivered her baby. After the baby was born, the woman told Linda in broken English that when she touched her the fear lifted from her . It was a pleasure to interview these 2 caring professional women from different APN career paths. Learning about their inspiration entering nursing, sharing day to day details, and the emotion expressed in their compassion for each area of practice. Gaining knowledge of the educational and credentialing process to insure competency in practice and patient safety. Lastly, hearing the personal accounts of their contributions and rewards for giving exceptional patient care.

Did the Bretton Woods Conference help the world economy after World War II?

The occurrence of wars all over the world induced various alterations to the economic situations of all countries and states on the globe; therefore, the conclusion of World War 1 left nations without much of a choice but to work hard to improve their typical stable economies. This then led to the emergence of the gold mechanism, enabling world-class nations to have their economies stabilized once again. In this system, every nation’s currency had to gather the help of other nation’s money and mineral stores to a particular extent.However, the gold mechanism resulted in the breakdown of communications among the economies of nations, leading to the Great Depression which happened during the early 20th century (James, 1996). So the nations could negate the impacts of this financial distress, each country made initiatives to improve the efficiency of their goods and services due for exportation; this was meant to minimize the nations’ deficits through deflation of t heir money. This mechanism however, looked to be perfect only when the nation’s deflation level is quicker and more stable than others.The consequence is that the fighting for global deflation significantly increased, resulting to major losses of different businesses, tremendous lack of job opportunities, unfair inflation rates and the loss of trust on financial institutions. While certain meetings have been accomplished in the early 20th century to find solutions to the global financial dilemmas that have been the major impacts of the Great Depression, all of these meetings did not bore any significant results.After the conclusion of World War 2, the countries came to the realization of the immediate importance to establish a mechanism that will help control all operations of economies. Particularly, this very creative financial mechanism will take over the evaluation of global economic initiatives. This then led to the meeting at Bretton Woods in America. The significant ac hievement of the meeting is the establishment of two primary world institutions. The Bretton Woods ConferenceThe meeting in Bretton Woods happened in 1944, and there were a total of 44 nations present during the meeting. The main goal of this meeting was to establish changes and initiatives within global money flows and economic interactions. The strategy to establish the Bretton Woods mechanism was suggested by two leading economic experts during that period: John Maynard Keynes, a leading economics expert based in the UK, and Harry Dexter White, the American secretary of treasury.As stated by both economics experts, the establishment of the Bretton Woods mechanism is a daunting and difficult endeavor because the economic policies have to be agreed upon by each and every participating nation (Hallerberg, 2004). The formulation of the Bretton Woods strategy resulted to the establishment of America as a superpower. In comparison to other countries and taking into consideration the tr emendous consequences of the recently concluded World War, America still possess the financial stability that other nations crave for.Aside from having an astounding amount of mineral stores, the American money during that period was the money with the most stable buying privilege. The World War 2 relegated all nations based in Europe into having to suffer from huge financial deficits in spite of the fact that they had the most mineral stores given to America; therefore, the emergence of America as a superpower did not came as a shock to everyone. This situation was used then by the Bretton Woods mechanism in selecting the American currency as its primary monetary unit, upon which all member countries agreed in unison.The mechanism is under the control of two primary organizations: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. These organizations had also been founded in America. The mechanism functioned through the application of stable exchange rates utilizing the Amer ican currency as the primary monetary unit (Bordo, 1993). The major mechanism that identified its functions was based after the strategic ideas of White and not Keynes. With these circumstances and with the other elements under consideration, the superb power of America over the Bretton Woods mechanism was obvious.Effectiveness in relation to its Objectives Based on the situations identified above, here is no doubt that the primary goal of the Bretton Woods is to give aids with regards to the financial stability of countries globally as well as initiate financial strategies for growing and emerging countries. These goals are primarily attained through the allotment of loans that can be attained by all member countries. The long duration of functioning of the Bretton Woods mechanism proved that these goals had been attained.One of the proofs was that the situations of global monetary currencies changed in accordance with level that most nations can afford in the previous and succeedi ng years. Aside from these, the Bretton Woods era also resulted in the establishment of unreal growth in terms of financial opportunities (Culpeper, 1997). It has also been proven that the growth of the financial opportunities during the Bretton period had been valuable. Specifically, the level of inflation was minimized in accordance to the basic level for each country excluding Japan.Through the initiatives of these organizations the goal of enhancing profit was attained as the development of GDP during that period had been larger as compared to any other economic period; moreover, the level of interests, with the help of the Bretton Woods organizations, is still strong and affordable. Aside from these tremendous benefits, the goals of both organizations had been attained through their consistent initiatives and application of beneficial economic policies, particularly for growing countries.For example, the World Bank has an organization under its control called Multilateral Inves tment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) which primarily offers loans to enable that start of various programs of the growing countries. Loans for political initiatives are also being given by MIGA in order to give protection for investors against abuse and corruption. This results into the fulfillment of programs since all delays caused by financial problems are being stopped. Through MIGA, growing countries are also able to encourage and manage their economic policies and programs, enabling the stability of their economies (Boughton, 1995).Composed of almost all nations globally, the purpose of the existence of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is based on the provision of global economic interaction through the establishment of a global evaluation organizations, which will do all the monitoring, support and communications regarding financial dilemmas and current news. Its primary goal is to help in the emergence of global trade in order to attain profitable options and abundance of job opportunities. It is also the goal of the IMF to guarantee the fairness of the trading, thereby, eliminating the possibility of unfair competition.Its objective is also based on the deletion of complicated policies that prevent the establishment of payment mechanism for economic transactions (Helleiner, 1996). Most significantly, nations having economic dilemmas are provided with chances to solve them with the guidance of the IMF and its current economic conditions. The foundation of the World Bank is an integral factor in the worldwide economic mechanisms, especially among growing nations. As an important organization that provides economic support, growing nations are able to gain access to loans annually.Through its highly-qualified personnel, money and information database, the World Bank has the capability to help each growing nation towards attaining a manageable plan and program to counter poverty (Battilossi, 2005). The primary goals of the organization involve the enhanceme nt of the growing nations’ ways of survival as well as the deletion of mediocrity. Primarily, is objective is to manage the financial plans and programs of the growing countries and give ample financial aid.